In environmental impact assessment, what are the two types of environmental measures?

• A. Preventive measures and corrective measures
• B. Enhancement measures and mitigation measures
• C. Monitoring measures and enforcement measures
• D. Adaptive measures and compensatory measures

Answer: (B)

Mitigation and enhancement are the two kinds of environmental measures used in environmental impact assessments. Mitigation means actions that avoid, reduce, or compensate for negative impacts the project might cause. This includes design changes, emission controls, or timing work to minimize harm. Enhancement involves actions that improve environmental quality or restore beneficial conditions beyond the existing baseline, like habitat restoration or creating green spaces.

Other options don’t fit as the primary categories because monitoring, enforcement, or adaptive and compensatory labels describe processes or specific approaches rather than the two broad types of measures designed to manage impacts.