Which stage of the Project-Level EIA process involves proposing actions to reduce or prevent adverse effects?

• A. Screening
• B. Scoping
• C. Impact Analysis
• D. Mitigation

Answer: (D)

Mitigation is the stage where you propose concrete actions to prevent or reduce adverse effects. After potential impacts are identified and assessed, mitigation plans specify changes to project design, construction, or operation that avoid problems or minimize their severity. They also outline ways to restore or compensate for impacts that can’t be entirely avoided. For example, redesigning a layout to protect a sensitive area, adding pollution controls, using quieter equipment, or establishing restoration and monitoring programs. This step follows the identification of effects and sits alongside but is distinct from deciding whether an EIA is needed (screening) and determining which effects to study (scoping) and from the detailed prediction of those effects (impact analysis).